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Reefer Containers are generally manufactured following international standards and generally need to be certified by international mainstream classification societies, such as GL, CCS, ABS, BV, etc.
1. About the production of Reefer Container
The Reefer Container main body comprises metal materials, such as Aluminum, MGSS, Corten A, and Stainless Steel. The wall surface coating is temperature-resistant, moisture corrosion-resistant, and wear-resistant.
Most Reefer Containers use open or semi-closed refrigeration units (built-in type), refrigerated through the refrigeration liquid cycle.
The refrigeration unit’s core functions are compressors, refrigerants, condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, etc. They are powered by ship power supply, terminal power supply or vehicle power supply (three-phase AC voltage, usually 460V, 440V, 380V, 220V) to maintain the low temperature in the Reefer Container by eliminating the heat flux that penetrates the box due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the box.
The refrigerant fluid of the refrigerator is generally Freon products, namely hydrofluorocarbons (i.e., HFC), mainly including R134a, R125, R32, R407C, R410A, R15,2 and so on.
The wall panels of the Reefer Container are made by splicing insulated box panels through craftsmanship. The heat-insulating box board is made of two pieces of metal sheets covered with adhesive. A polyurethane foam layer is injected into the interlayer at high pressure to achieve the heat-insulating effect.
The Reefer Containers are constructed of sufficient insulation materials. They can maintain a low-temperature requirement for a certain period (usually about 6 hours) in a power outage state. The broad temperature range is –30°C ~20℃.
2. Regarding the power of the Reefer Container refrigeration unit
Reefer Containers have different refrigeration units with various specifications and powers.
Usually, the power of a 20-foot Reefer Container is about 7 kW, and the power of a 40-foot Reefer Container is about12 k.W;
3. Regarding the temperature requirements for the transportation of refrigerated transport goods
The Reefer Container carries a wide variety of goods with different requirements.
For refrigerated goods, such as food, fruits and vegetables, flowers, aquatic products, and electronic devices, the general temperature requirement is 2-8℃;
For cold and fresh goods, such as fresh meat, fish, medicines, etc., the requirement is between 0°C and –5°C;
Frozen goods, such as quick-frozen seafood, frozen meat, etc., generally require below –18°C;
Deep-frozen cargo, such as high-risk products and high-grade yeast, may require a temperature between –20°C and –45°C, and freight such as the new crown vaccine may require a temperature below –70°C.
4. About the pre-cooling link of refrigerated transportation
4.1 Reefer Container pre-cooling
Before a Reefer Container is loaded, it usually needs to be pre-cooled. Therefore, pre-adjusting the internal temperature of the Reefer Container to the temperature required for the pre-loaded cargo is a crucial step to protect the shipment.
When transporting refrigerated goods over long distances, the difference between the set temperature and the temperature in the box cannot exceed 3°C. If transporting refrigerated goods, the temperature error should not exceed 0.25-0.5°C.
Before each Reefer Container is delivered for use, a Reefer Container pre-inspection test is required. The test requires a comprehensive inspection of the box, the refrigeration system, etc., to ensure that the Reefer Container is in good condition and clean. The refrigeration system is in the best condition. The cold box that has passed the inspection should be affixed with an inspection label or certificate.
4.2 Pre-cooling of refrigerated transport cargo
In addition to Reefer Container pre-cooling, goods also need to be pre-cooled.
The Reefer Container is designed to keep the cargo temperature. Suppose the temperature of the cargo is too high. In that case, the refrigeration system of the Reefer Container will be overloaded, and it may even cause malfunctions and affect the safety of the shipment. If there is no good pre-cooled cargo in the container, due to the large heat capacity of the cargo, the cooling speed will be significantly slowed when directly loaded into the container. Sometimes it takes 15-16 hours to reach the set temperature requirement.
It should be noted that the pre-cooled cargo and Reefer Container must be sealed and docked in the cold air channel for loading. Suppose the cabinet is installed in an outdoor environment. In that case, hot air entering the Reefer Container will cause moisture condensation to damage the outer packaging and labels of the goods, and the condensation on the surface of the evaporator will affect the cooling effect.